To start learning structural engineering and design, you must build a foundation in mathematics and physics before advancing to specialized structural analysis and material-specific design. Because structural engineering is a regulated profession, formal education is usually required for a career, but self-study is a viable way to gain introductory knowledge.
1. Build Foundation (Prerequisites)
Before tackling structural topics, you must be proficient in the following:
- Mathematics: Calculus (I, II, and III) and Linear Algebra are essential for understanding force vectors and structural mechanics.
- Physics: Mastery of Newtonian physics, specifically Statics (the study of forces on non-moving objects), is the bedrock of the field.
- Core Concepts: Learn about “Load Paths”—how a force (like gravity or wind) travels from a roof, through beams and columns, into the foundation and the ground.
2. Learn Structural Theory
Once you understand the basics, move to the core academic subjects:
- Mechanics of Materials: Study how materials (like steel and concrete) deform under stress and strain.
- Structural Analysis: Learn how to calculate internal forces (shear, moment, axial) in trusses, beams, and frames.
- Introductory Books: Consider reading Structures: Or Why Things Don’t Fall Down by J.E. Gordon for a conceptual introduction, or textbooks like Structural Analysis by R.C. Hibbeler for technical depth.
3. Master Software and Drafting
Modern design is heavily reliant on digital tools:
- Drafting (CAD/BIM): Learn AutoCAD for 2D drafting and Revit for 3D Building Information Modeling (BIM).
- Analysis Software: Gain familiarity with industry-standard analysis tools like SAP2000, STAAD.Pro, or ETABS.
4. Enroll in Professional Training
If you are pursuing a career, follow these academic and professional milestones:
- Degree: Earn a Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering or Structural Engineering from an accredited institution.
- Online Courses: Use platforms like Coursera or edX to find specialized certificates in seismic design or concrete fundamentals.
- Professional Organizations: Join groups like the Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE) or the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) for networking and technical seminars.
5. Obtain Licensure (For Careers)
To practice professionally and sign off on designs, you must typically:
- Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam shortly after graduation.
- Gain approximately 4 years of supervised work experience.
- Pass the Professional Engineering (PE) exam (and specifically the SE exam in some regions) to become a licensed Professional Engineer.
